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For the third of patients whose tumour vanishes after chemoradiation, watching closely and operating only if it comes back gave the same survival as immediate surgery.
Stepped-wedge cluster-randomised non-inferiority trial (Lancet Oncology 2025). Two-year OS non-inferior (HR 1.14, 95% CI 0.74-1.78); about a third of surveillance patients avoided oesophagectomy at 2 years, with better short-term quality of life. Regrowth was usually resectable. Establishes organ preservation as an option for cCR, with caveats about surveillance intensity.
Numbers are from the trial as recorded here; see the source links in the table below. This is orientation, not medical advice: ask your team how closely the trial population matches you.
309 analysed.
Numbers not yet public.
Source| Endpoint | Arm | n | Value | HR (95% CI) | p | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall survival at 2 years (non-inferiority)primary | Active surveillance | 156 | - | 1.14 (0.74 to 1.78) | 0.55 | link |
| Standard surgery | 118 | - |
The full inclusion and exclusion criteria are on the registry record. Read 2026-10-07. Recruiting overall does not mean a particular site is open; ask the study team.
ClinicalTrials.gov data courtesy of the US National Library of Medicine.
Shares Oesophagectomy, CROSS, Oesophageal cancer.
Shares CROSS chemoradiation → surgery → adjuvant nivolumab if residual disease, CROSS, Oesophageal cancer.
Shares Stepped-wedge design, Cluster-randomised trial, Non-inferiority margin and equivalence trials, Non-inferiority trial.
Shares Non-inferiority margin and equivalence trials, Non-inferiority trial, IMRT / IGRT (modern external beam).
Shares Oesophagectomy, Oesophageal cancer.
Shares Non-inferiority margin and equivalence trials, Non-inferiority trial.
Shares Surgery roadmap: radical operations → less surgery → no surgery when a drug has done the work, Surgery and radiotherapy cure most, get least.
Shares CROSS, Oesophageal cancer.
Every source this page cites, grouped by who published it. Grouping is read from the web address, not assigned by hand.
A source that has moved or gone is reported by the weekly link check. /audit/