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Keyhole surgery, assumed equivalent, turned out to be worse: more recurrences and more deaths than open surgery, reversing practice overnight.
4.5-year disease-free survival 86.0% vs 96.5% and OS HR for death 6.00 with minimally invasive surgery (NEJM 2018); the final analysis (2024) confirmed inferiority. Guidelines now recommend open radical hysterectomy; tumour spillage from uterine manipulators and CO2 is the leading hypothesis. Trials of protective manoeuvres (RACC, ROCC) are ongoing.
Numbers are from the trial as recorded here; see the source links in the table below. This is orientation, not medical advice: ask your team how closely the trial population matches you.
636 enrolled.
| Endpoint | Arm | n | Value | HR (95% CI) | p | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Disease-free survival at 4.5 yearsprimary | Minimally invasive | 319 | 86% | 3.74 (1.63 to 8.58) | - | link |
| Open surgery | 312 | 96.5% | ||||
| Overall survival at 3 years | Minimally invasive | - | 93.8% | 6 (1.77 to 20.3) | - | link |
| Open surgery | - | 99% |
The full inclusion and exclusion criteria are on the registry record. Read 2026-10-07. Recruiting overall does not mean a particular site is open; ask the study team.
ClinicalTrials.gov data courtesy of the US National Library of Medicine.
Shares Cervical cancer and the tag failure.
Shares Pedro T. Ramirez, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Cervical cancer.
Shares Early cervical cancer and fertility-sparing surgery, Surgery roadmap: radical operations → less surgery → no surgery when a drug has done the work, Cervical cancer.
Shares Surgery roadmap: radical operations → less surgery → no surgery when a drug has done the work, Surgery and radiotherapy cure most, get least, Robotic & minimally invasive surgery.
Shares Surgery roadmap: radical operations → less surgery → no surgery when a drug has done the work, Surgery and radiotherapy cure most, get least.
Shares MD Anderson Cancer Center, Robotic & minimally invasive surgery.
Shares Surgery and radiotherapy cure most, get least, Cervical cancer.
Shares Surgery and radiotherapy cure most, get least, Robotic & minimally invasive surgery.
Every source this page cites, grouped by who published it. Grouping is read from the web address, not assigned by hand.
A source that has moved or gone is reported by the weekly link check. /audit/